(pages in construction with our members' participation)   French Cinema History  -  French recommended films -  French best youtube -  French Actors  -  French Comedy -  French Travel 

 

The French Cinema History (from the begining- from 1900 - The 20's - 30's - 40's - 50's - 60's - 70's - 80's - 90's - 2000 till now

 

Until 1900

French cinema before 1900 primarily encompasses early experiments with motion pictures and the emergence of cinematic techniques. Here are some key points:

1. Early Experiments: French inventors and pioneers such as Louis Le Prince, Auguste and Louis Lumière, and Georges Méliès were instrumental in the development of motion pictures. Louis Le Prince is often credited with filming the world's first motion picture in 1888, though the footage is now lost.

2. Lumière Brothers: In 1895, the Lumière brothers held the first public screening of films using their Cinématographe invention, marking the birth of cinema as a public spectacle. Their short films showcased everyday scenes and events, capturing the attention of audiences worldwide.

3. Actualités: The Lumière brothers' actualités, or documentary-like films depicting real-life events, were immensely popular. These short films provided glimpses of life in France and around the world, capturing scenes such as workers leaving factories or trains arriving at stations.

4. Georges Méliès: Méliès, a magician-turned-filmmaker, is renowned for his pioneering work in narrative filmmaking and special effects. His film "A Trip to the Moon" (1902) is one of the earliest examples of science fiction cinema and showcases his imaginative use of visual effects and storytelling techniques.

5. Cinematic Techniques: French filmmakers experimented with various cinematic techniques, including editing, camera movement, and special effects, laying the groundwork for the future development of the medium. Méliès, in particular, was known for his innovative use of stagecraft and trick photography.

6. Short Films: Early French cinema predominantly consisted of short films, often ranging from a few seconds to a few minutes in length. These films were typically shown as part of variety shows or in dedicated theaters known as cinématographes.

Overall, French cinema before 1900 was characterized by experimentation, innovation, and the establishment of foundational techniques that would shape the art form for years to come.

 

Between 1900 and 1920

French cinema between 1900 and 1920 marked a significant period in the history of film, witnessing the birth and development of cinema as an art form. Here are some key points and developments during this era:

The Lumière Brothers and the Birth of Cinema: The Lumière Brothers, Auguste and Louis Lumière, played a pivotal role in the birth of cinema with their invention of the Cinématographe, a motion picture camera and projector. They held the first public screening of films in 1895, which marked the beginning of the cinematic era.

Early Silent Films: In the early 1900s, French filmmakers began experimenting with the possibilities of the new medium. Short silent films were produced, often depicting everyday scenes, comedy sketches, and simple narratives. Georges Méliès, a magician-turned-filmmaker, gained fame for his imaginative and fantastical films, such as "A Trip to the Moon" (1902).

 Rise of Film Studios: Film studios began to emerge in France, such as Pathé Frères and Gaumont Film Company. These studios played a crucial role in the production and distribution of films during this period.

Genres and Styles: French filmmakers explored various genres and styles in their films. From comedies to dramas, and from historical epics to avant-garde experiments, there was a wide range of content being produced.

The Great War: World War I (1914-1918) had a significant impact on French cinema. Many filmmakers turned their attention to war-themed films, either as propaganda or as reflections on the human cost of conflict. Films like "J'Accuse" (1919) by Abel Gance explored the themes of war and its aftermath.

Avant-Garde Movement: The avant-garde movement in French cinema began to take shape during this period. Filmmakers like Germaine Dulac and Marcel Duchamp experimented with new techniques and pushed the boundaries of traditional storytelling, paving the way for future developments in experimental cinema.

International Influence: French cinema also had a profound influence on filmmakers around the world. Directors like D.W. Griffith and Sergei Eisenstein were inspired by French filmmakers and incorporated elements of French cinema into their own work.

Overall, the period between 1900 and 1920 laid the foundation for French cinema as we know it today, setting the stage for the emergence of iconic filmmakers and enduring cinematic movements in the decades that followed.

 

In the 20's

French cinema in the 1920s was marked by significant artistic and technical developments, making it one of the most influential periods in the history of cinema. Here are some key aspects:

1. **Silent Film Masterpieces**: The 1920s saw the emergence of several silent film masterpieces in France. Directors like Abel Gance, René Clair, and Marcel L'Herbier made notable contributions to French cinema during this time. Gance's epic silent film "Napoleon" (1927) stands out as a monumental achievement in filmmaking, known for its innovative techniques and grand scale.

2. **Avant-Garde and Surrealist Cinema**: The 1920s witnessed the rise of avant-garde and surrealist movements in French cinema. Filmmakers like Germaine Dulac, Man Ray, and Jean Epstein experimented with unconventional narrative structures, visual styles, and symbolic imagery in their films, challenging traditional cinematic norms.

3. **The French Impressionist Movement**: The French Impressionist movement, led by directors such as Jean Epstein, Marcel L'Herbier, and Germaine Dulac, emphasized subjective storytelling, impressionistic visuals, and innovative editing techniques. Films like Epstein's "The Fall of the House of Usher" (1928) exemplify this movement's exploration of mood and atmosphere.

4. **Influence of German Expressionism**: French cinema in the 1920s was also influenced by German Expressionism, with filmmakers drawing inspiration from the dramatic lighting, distorted sets, and psychological themes characteristic of the movement. This influence can be seen in films like Marcel L'Herbier's "L'inhumaine" (1924).

5. **Popularity of Serials and Comedies**: Alongside the more experimental and artistic films, French cinema in the 1920s also featured popular serials and comedies. Actors like Max Linder and René Navarre gained fame for their comedic performances, while serials like Louis Feuillade's "Les Vampires" (1915–1916) continued to captivate audiences with their thrilling narratives.

6. **Technical Advancements**: The 1920s witnessed advancements in film technology, including improvements in camera techniques, editing, and special effects. Filmmakers like Abel Gance pushed the boundaries of filmmaking with innovative techniques such as rapid cutting and multi-camera setups.

Overall, French cinema in the 1920s was a period of artistic experimentation, technical innovation, and cultural significance, laying the foundation for the continued influence of French filmmaking on the global stage.

 

In the 30's

French cinema in the 1930s experienced significant artistic and technological developments, as well as socio-political influences. Here are some key aspects of French cinema during that period:

1. **Golden Age of French Cinema**: The 1930s is often considered a golden age for French cinema. During this time, French filmmakers produced a remarkable number of influential and enduring films.

2. **Sound Revolution**: The transition to sound filmmaking occurred in the late 1920s and early 1930s. French cinema embraced this technological advancement, leading to the creation of sound films that showcased French dialogue, music, and sound effects.

3. **Popular Genres**: French filmmakers explored various genres, including romantic dramas, comedies, crime thrillers, and historical epics. Directors such as René Clair, Julien Duvivier, and Jean Renoir were prominent figures in this era, each contributing to different genres with their distinctive styles.

4. **Poetic Realism**: A significant movement in French cinema during the 1930s was poetic realism ('réalisme poétique'). Films in this style combined elements of realism with poetic and artistic expression. They often depicted the struggles of ordinary people in harsh social and economic conditions. Classic examples of poetic realism include Jean Renoir's "La Grande Illusion" (1937) and Marcel Carné's "Le Quai des Brumes" (1938).

5. **Influence of Politics**: French cinema in the 1930s was influenced by the political climate of the time. The rise of fascism in Europe, the Spanish Civil War, and growing tensions leading up to World War II shaped the themes and narratives of many films. Some directors used their works to critique social injustices and advocate for political change.

6. **Censorship**: The French film industry faced censorship challenges during the 1930s, particularly under the Vichy regime during World War II. Some films were censored or banned due to their perceived political or moral content.

7. **International Recognition**: French cinema gained international recognition during the 1930s, with films and directors receiving acclaim at international film festivals and awards ceremonies. French filmmakers contributed to the global cinematic landscape, influencing filmmakers around the world.

Overall, the 1930s was a vibrant and transformative period for French cinema, marked by artistic innovation, technological advancements, and socio-political influences that continue to resonate in the history of cinema.

 

In the 40's

French cinema in the 1940s was marked by significant challenges and transformations due to the impact of World War II. The war severely disrupted the French film industry, leading to a decline in production and distribution. However, despite these challenges, the 1940s saw the emergence of several notable filmmakers and the continuation of important cinematic movements.

1. **Occupation Cinema**: During the early years of the decade, France was occupied by Nazi Germany. Under German control, the French film industry faced strict censorship and propaganda requirements. Many filmmakers either fled the country or faced restrictions on their work. Some French filmmakers collaborated with the German authorities to continue making films, albeit under strict guidelines. Notable examples include films by directors like Jean Grémillon and Maurice Tourneur.

2. **Poetic Realism**: This cinematic movement, which had its roots in the 1930s, continued to influence French cinema in the early 1940s. Poetic realism was characterized by its gritty, fatalistic portrayal of working-class life, often set against the backdrop of urban environments. Directors such as Marcel Carné, Jean Renoir, and Julien Duvivier continued to produce films that reflected the themes and aesthetics of poetic realism.

3. **The French New Wave**: Although the French New Wave (Nouvelle Vague) officially emerged in the late 1950s and early 1960s, its origins can be traced back to the 1940s. Filmmakers like Jean-Pierre Melville and Jacques Becker, who started their careers during this period, laid the groundwork for the innovative and influential styles that would come to define the New Wave movement.

4. **Renewed Nationalism**: The post-war years saw a resurgence of French nationalism, which influenced the themes and content of many films. Directors and screenwriters explored ideas of identity, resistance, and collaboration during the war years. Films like Marcel Carné's "Les Enfants du Paradis" (Children of Paradise, 1945) and René Clément's "La Bataille du rail" (The Battle of the Rails, 1946) reflected this renewed focus on national identity and resistance.

5. **Post-War Recovery**: As France began to recover from the devastation of war, the film industry slowly regained its footing. The late 1940s saw an increase in production, with filmmakers experimenting with new techniques and storytelling approaches. This period laid the groundwork for the vibrant period of French cinema that would follow in the 1950s and 1960s.

Overall, the 1940s were a tumultuous but formative period for French cinema. Despite the challenges posed by war and occupation, filmmakers continued to produce significant works that reflected the social, political, and cultural landscape of the time.

 

In the 50's

French cinema in the 1950s experienced a significant period of creativity and innovation, often referred to as the "Golden Age" of French cinema. This era saw the emergence of several influential directors and actors, as well as the development of new cinematic styles and movements.

One of the most prominent directors of this time was François Truffaut, who later became one of the leading figures of the French New Wave movement. Truffaut's debut film, "The 400 Blows" (1959), is considered a landmark in French cinema and is often cited as one of the greatest films ever made. The film, which follows the story of a young boy growing up in Paris, introduced a more naturalistic and intimate style of filmmaking that would become characteristic of the French New Wave.

Another important director of the era was Jean-Luc Godard, who also played a key role in the French New Wave movement. His film "Breathless" (1960) is another iconic work of French cinema, known for its innovative editing techniques and rebellious attitude towards traditional filmmaking conventions.

Other notable directors of the 1950s include Henri-Georges Clouzot, whose thriller "Les Diaboliques" (1955) is considered a classic of French cinema, and Jacques Tati, whose comedic masterpiece "Mr. Hulot's Holiday" (1953) showcased his unique visual style and subtle humor.

In addition to these directors, the 1950s also saw the rise of iconic French actors such as Brigitte Bardot, Jean Gabin, and Simone Signoret, who starred in many memorable films of the era.

Overall, French cinema in the 1950s was characterized by a diverse range of films that explored themes such as existentialism, social realism, and the complexities of human relationships. It was a period of innovation and experimentation that laid the groundwork for the future of French filmmaking.

 

In the 60's

French cinema in the 1960s was a vibrant and revolutionary period often referred to as the "French New Wave" or "Nouvelle Vague." This movement brought a fresh approach to filmmaking, characterized by innovative storytelling techniques, experimental cinematography, and a departure from traditional narrative structures. Some key features of French cinema in the 1960s include:

1. New Wave Directors: Directors such as François Truffaut, Jean-Luc Godard, Claude Chabrol, Éric Rohmer, and Jacques Rivette emerged as leading figures of the French New Wave. They were known for their distinctive styles and unconventional storytelling methods.

2. Influence of Cahiers du Cinéma: Many of the New Wave directors were critics-turned-filmmakers who had written for the influential film magazine Cahiers du Cinéma. Their experiences as film critics shaped their approach to filmmaking, leading to a more self-aware and reflexive cinema.

3. Low Budget Productions: French New Wave films were often characterized by low budgets, allowing for greater creative freedom and experimentation. Filmmakers embraced handheld cameras, natural lighting, and location shooting, breaking away from the studio-bound aesthetic of classical French cinema.

4. Focus on Realism: The New Wave directors often depicted contemporary French society with a focus on realism. They explored themes such as alienation, youth culture, social inequality, and existentialism, reflecting the cultural and political climate of the time.

5. Innovative Techniques: French New Wave films were marked by their innovative techniques, including jump cuts, long takes, non-linear storytelling, and direct address to the audience. These techniques challenged conventional filmmaking norms and emphasized the personal vision of the director.

6. International Recognition: French New Wave films gained international acclaim and influenced filmmakers around the world. Works such as Truffaut's "The 400 Blows" (1959), Godard's "Breathless" (1960), and Chabrol's "Les Cousins" (1959) were particularly influential and helped to establish the movement's reputation on the global stage.

Overall, French cinema in the 1960s was a period of significant creativity and experimentation, with the New Wave directors leaving a lasting impact on the art of filmmaking both in France and internationally.

 

In the 70's

French cinema in the 1970s experienced a period of significant change and innovation, often referred to as the "French New Wave" or "Nouvelle Vague." This period built upon the experimentation and boldness of the 1960s, with filmmakers pushing the boundaries of storytelling, aesthetics, and themes. Some key characteristics and trends of French cinema in the 1970s include:

1. **Auteurs and Art House Cinema**: The 1970s saw the rise of several influential French directors who became synonymous with the era, such as François Truffaut, Jean-Luc Godard, Claude Chabrol, and Eric Rohmer. These directors were known for their distinctive styles and auteur-driven approach to filmmaking. They often explored complex characters and existential themes, pushing the boundaries of traditional narrative structures.

2. **Social and Political Commentary**: French cinema in the 1970s reflected the turbulent socio-political climate of the time. Many filmmakers tackled issues such as urban unrest, labor strikes, feminism, sexuality, and the legacy of colonialism. Films like Costa-Gavras' "Z" (1969) and Bertrand Tavernier's "L'horloger de Saint-Paul" (1974) addressed political corruption and social injustice.

3. **Experimental Filmmaking**: Filmmakers in the 1970s continued to experiment with narrative techniques, visual styles, and editing. Jean-Luc Godard, for example, pushed the boundaries of cinematic form with films like "Weekend" (1967) and "Tout Va Bien" (1972), which employed innovative techniques such as jump cuts and fragmented storytelling.

4. **Eroticism and Sexuality**: The 1970s also saw a wave of erotic cinema known as "cinéma érotique" or "eurotica." Directors like Catherine Breillat and Just Jaeckin gained attention for their explorations of female sexuality and desire in films like "Une vraie jeune fille" (1976) and "Emmanuelle" (1974), respectively.

5. **Influence of American Cinema**: American cinema had a significant influence on French filmmakers during this period, with many directors drawing inspiration from Hollywood genres and storytelling techniques. This influence can be seen in films like Roman Polanski's "Chinatown" (1974) and William Friedkin's "The French Connection" (1971).

Overall, French cinema in the 1970s was a dynamic and diverse landscape marked by experimentation, social commentary, and auteur-driven storytelling. It left a lasting impact on global cinema and continues to inspire filmmakers to this day.

 

in the 80's

French cinema in the 1980s witnessed a variety of trends and movements, reflecting the social, political, and cultural landscape of the time. Here are some key aspects and notable films from that period:

1. **Cinema du look**: This was a movement characterized by its stylish visuals, often featuring neon-lit urban landscapes and a focus on youth culture. Directors associated with this movement include Jean-Jacques Beineix ("Diva"), Luc Besson ("Subway"), and Leos Carax ("Boy Meets Girl"). These films often featured a blend of genres, incorporating elements of crime, romance, and fantasy.

2. **Social realism**: Alongside the more visually stylized films of the Cinema du look, there were also filmmakers exploring gritty social realities. Maurice Pialat's "À nos amours" and "Police" by Maurice Pialat are examples of this trend, delving into complex interpersonal relationships and societal issues.

3. **Comedy**: The 1980s also saw the rise of French comedies, often characterized by their wit and satirical commentary on contemporary society. Films such as "Le Dîner de Cons" (The Dinner Game) directed by Francis Veber and "Les Visiteurs" directed by Jean-Marie Poiré were immensely popular during this period.

4. **Films by François Truffaut and Jean-Luc Godard**: Although both Truffaut and Godard were prominent figures in the French New Wave of the 1960s, they continued to make films in the 1980s. Truffaut's "The Last Metro" and Godard's "Every Man for Himself" are notable examples.

5. **Women directors**: The 1980s also saw an increase in the number of female directors making their mark in French cinema. Agnès Varda's "Vagabond" and Claire Denis's "Chocolat" are examples of films that garnered critical acclaim during this period.

6. **Political themes**: With France undergoing significant political changes in the 1980s, some filmmakers addressed political themes in their work. For example, Bertrand Tavernier's "Coup de Torchon" explores colonialism and corruption, while "La Balance" directed by Bob Swaim delves into police corruption.

Overall, French cinema in the 1980s was diverse and vibrant, encompassing a wide range of styles, genres, and themes. It reflected the cultural dynamism and creative energy of the era while also engaging with pressing social and political issues.

 

In the 90's

French cinema in the 1990s was marked by a resurgence of creativity and innovation. Here are some key aspects and notable films from that period:

1. **New Wave Filmmakers**: The 1990s saw the emergence of a new generation of filmmakers who were influenced by the French New Wave but also had their own unique styles. Directors like Mathieu Kassovitz ("La Haine"), Gaspar Noé ("I Stand Alone"), and Claire Denis ("Beau Travail") gained prominence during this decade.

2. **Diversity of Themes and Genres**: French cinema in the 1990s explored a wide range of themes and genres, from gritty urban dramas to romantic comedies. There was a particular focus on social issues, immigration, and identity, reflecting the changing landscape of French society.

3. **International Success**: French films gained significant international recognition during this period, winning awards at major film festivals such as Cannes and receiving critical acclaim worldwide. Films like "La Haine" (1995), directed by Mathieu Kassovitz, and "Delicatessen" (1991), directed by Jean-Pierre Jeunet and Marc Caro, garnered attention both at home and abroad.

4. **Collaborations with Hollywood**: Some French directors also ventured into Hollywood productions or collaborated with American filmmakers. For example, Luc Besson directed the international hit "Léon: The Professional" (1994), starring Jean Reno and Natalie Portman.

5. **Actors**: French cinema in the 1990s featured a mix of established actors and rising stars. Notable performers of the decade include Juliette Binoche, Vincent Cassel, Jean Reno, Isabelle Huppert, and Audrey Tautou.

6. **Cultural Impact**: Several French films from the 1990s left a lasting impact on popular culture, influencing subsequent generations of filmmakers both in France and abroad. For example, "La Haine" is often cited as a seminal work in contemporary cinema for its portrayal of urban youth and social unrest.

Overall, French cinema in the 1990s was a vibrant and dynamic period characterized by a blend of artistic experimentation, critical acclaim, and commercial success.

 

After 2000

French cinema since 2000 has seen a diverse range of films across various genres, showcasing the talent of French directors, actors, and storytellers. Here are some notable trends and films from this period:

1. **New Wave of French Cinema**: French cinema since 2000 has been characterized by a resurgence of creativity, often compared to the French New Wave of the 1960s. Directors like Gaspar Noé, Claire Denis, and François Ozon have gained international acclaim for their innovative storytelling and unique filmmaking styles.

2. **Intimate Dramas and Character Studies**: Many French films of this period focus on intimate character studies and explore complex human emotions. Examples include "Blue Is the Warmest Colour" (La Vie d'Adèle) directed by Abdellatif Kechiche, which won the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival in 2013 for its portrayal of a young woman's sexual awakening.

3. **Social Realism**: French cinema often delves into social issues and realistic portrayals of contemporary society. Films like "The Class" (Entre les Murs) directed by Laurent Cantet, which won the Palme d'Or at Cannes in 2008, provide insights into the challenges of education and multiculturalism in France.

4. **Comedy and Quirkiness**: French cinema also excels in producing quirky comedies and offbeat humor. Films like "Amélie" (Le Fabuleux Destin d'Amélie Poulain) directed by Jean-Pierre Jeunet became international sensations for their whimsical storytelling and visual style.

5. **Crime and Thrillers**: French cinema has a rich tradition of crime thrillers and suspenseful dramas. Directors like Jacques Audiard have created gripping films such as "A Prophet" (Un prophète), which explores the criminal underworld and issues of identity and morality.

6. **International Collaborations**: French filmmakers have increasingly collaborated with international talents and explored global themes. For example, "The Artist" directed by Michel Hazanavicius, a silent black-and-white film, won critical acclaim and multiple Oscars in 2012, showcasing the global appeal of French cinema.

7. **Experimental and Art House Films**: French directors continue to push the boundaries of cinema with experimental and art house films. Directors like Leos Carax, with films like "Holy Motors," challenge traditional narrative structures and offer audiences thought-provoking cinematic experiences.

Overall, French cinema since 2000 has remained vibrant and diverse, reflecting the country's rich cultural heritage and its ongoing influence on global filmmaking.